Turning vs. Milling – Differences
Propart
Machining is the process of mechanically removing material from a workpiece to achieve desired shapes and dimensions. In this context, the processes of turning and milling are similar: they always involve a combination of rotational and linear motion of the tool relative to the workpiece, or vice versa. That "or vice versa" is the essence of the difference. Thus, turning and milling are two fundamental machining techniques used to shape metals, plastics, and other materials. Both methods have different applications and differ in terms of the machining process, tools, and type of movement. Here are the main differences between these two techniques:
01
Principle of Operation
Turning: The turning process involves machining a material that is secured and rotated around its axis. The cutting tool (lathe knife) moves linearly along or across the rotating workpiece, removing excess material and giving it the desired shape (usually cylindrical). Turning is generally used for processing rotating items such as shafts, sleeves, or screws.
Milling: In milling, the tool (cutter) rotates around its own axis, while the workpiece is moved relative to the tool. This process can be carried out in various axes, allowing for the creation of more complicated shapes, such as grooves, holes, or flat surfaces.
02
Type of Movement
Turning: The workpiece performs a rotational movement while the tool moves linearly.
Milling: The tool performs a rotational movement, and the workpiece is moved in various directions (usually linearly), enabling the machining of three-dimensional surfaces.
03
Applications
Turning: Most commonly used for machining cylindrical, conical, or rotational shapes.
Milling: Used to create flat surfaces, grooves, angles, holes, and more complex three-dimensional shapes.
04
Cutting Tools
Turning: Uses lathe knives of varying shapes and purposes (e.g., for roughing, finishing, threading).
Milling: Employs cutters of different shapes (cylindrical, disc, end, angular) that can machine the material at different angles.
05
Types of Machines
Turning: Lathes are machines specifically designed for the turning process. They can be manual lathes, CNC lathes, carousel lathes, etc.
Milling: Milling machines are designed for milling. These include horizontal, vertical, CNC, and universal milling machines.
06
Accuracy and Surface Finish
Turning: Can achieve high accuracy and smooth surface finish, particularly with simple rotational shapes.
Milling: More versatile and allows for the machining of more complex shapes, but surface finish may require additional processing depending on the tool used and cutting conditions.
07
Cost
Turning: Generally cheaper and faster for simple, rotational shapes.
Milling: Can be more expensive, especially for complicated shapes and precise requirements.
Both methods are essential in the metalworking industry and have specific applications depending on the technical requirements of a given project. They enable high accuracy and quality, which is crucial in many industrial sectors.